Journal: NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes

Article Title: Effect of biofilm physical characteristics on their susceptibility to antibiotics: impacts of low-frequency ultrasound

doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00544-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: The coordinate x (used in the simulations) starts at the bottom of the biofilm.

Article Snippet: A 1D biofilm diffusion model with antibiotic inactivation was adapted from ref. and implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics (COMSOL v.6.0; COMSOL Inc., Burlington, MA).

Techniques:

Journal: NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes

Article Title: Effect of biofilm physical characteristics on their susceptibility to antibiotics: impacts of low-frequency ultrasound

doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00544-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Relative abundance of polysaccharides, proteins, and eDNA in the EPS for biofilms grown at low and high shear. b Ratio of proteins to polysaccharides of each biofilm. Error bars correspond to measurements on three experimental replicates.

Article Snippet: A 1D biofilm diffusion model with antibiotic inactivation was adapted from ref. and implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics (COMSOL v.6.0; COMSOL Inc., Burlington, MA).

Techniques: Shear

Journal: NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes

Article Title: Effect of biofilm physical characteristics on their susceptibility to antibiotics: impacts of low-frequency ultrasound

doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00544-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: A typical biofilms under the OCT at low and high shear before and after 60 s of LFU treatment at different intensities. Each figure is not necessarily from the same location but from the same biofilm (either low-shear or high-shear condition). Given that the low-shear biofilm was disrupted (substantially altered) when sonicated with LFU medium intensity, it was not subjected to high-intensity LFU. B Biofilm thickness grown under low and high shear. Given that the low-shear biofilm was disrupted when sonicated with LFU at medium intensity, no thickness data is shown at either medium or high intensities. Error bars correspond to measurements on three experimental replicates.

Article Snippet: A 1D biofilm diffusion model with antibiotic inactivation was adapted from ref. and implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics (COMSOL v.6.0; COMSOL Inc., Burlington, MA).

Techniques: Shear, Sonication

Journal: NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes

Article Title: Effect of biofilm physical characteristics on their susceptibility to antibiotics: impacts of low-frequency ultrasound

doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00544-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biofilms grown at low shear (green) and high shear (orange) before applying LFU for 60 s at low, medium, or high intensity. Only low intensity was used for the biofilm grown under low shear, as higher intensities resulted in biofilm disruption. Error bars correspond to one standard deviation for three replicates.

Article Snippet: A 1D biofilm diffusion model with antibiotic inactivation was adapted from ref. and implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics (COMSOL v.6.0; COMSOL Inc., Burlington, MA).

Techniques: Shear, Disruption, Standard Deviation

Journal: NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes

Article Title: Effect of biofilm physical characteristics on their susceptibility to antibiotics: impacts of low-frequency ultrasound

doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00544-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inactivation efficiency, without LFU, on the inner and outer regions of a low-shear biofilm using different tobramycin concentrations after 120 min

Article Snippet: A 1D biofilm diffusion model with antibiotic inactivation was adapted from ref. and implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics (COMSOL v.6.0; COMSOL Inc., Burlington, MA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes

Article Title: Effect of biofilm physical characteristics on their susceptibility to antibiotics: impacts of low-frequency ultrasound

doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00544-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biofilm dosed with ( a ) 200 µg/ml tobramycin alone and ( b ) 200 µg/ml tobramycin and 60 s of LFU at low intensity.

Article Snippet: A 1D biofilm diffusion model with antibiotic inactivation was adapted from ref. and implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics (COMSOL v.6.0; COMSOL Inc., Burlington, MA).

Techniques:

Journal: NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes

Article Title: Effect of biofilm physical characteristics on their susceptibility to antibiotics: impacts of low-frequency ultrasound

doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00544-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: The total exposure time was 120 min. Treatment was performed with ( a ) 200 µg/ml tobramycin alone, ( b ) 200 µg/ml tobramycin and 60 s of LFU at low intensity, ( c ) 200 µg/ml tobramycin and 60 s of LFU at medium intensity, and ( d ) 200 µg/ml tobramycin and 60 s of LFU at high intensity. e Inactivation efficiency in inner and outer biofilm.

Article Snippet: A 1D biofilm diffusion model with antibiotic inactivation was adapted from ref. and implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics (COMSOL v.6.0; COMSOL Inc., Burlington, MA).

Techniques:

Journal: NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes

Article Title: Effect of biofilm physical characteristics on their susceptibility to antibiotics: impacts of low-frequency ultrasound

doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00544-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Simulated distributions of biofilm viability ( a , b ) and the concentration of antibiotics ( c , d ) for a low-shear biofilm with different antibiotic diffusion coefficients, representing before (left) and after (right) LFU. Each line corresponds to a 10 min. interval, where the darkest line corresponds to time 0 min, and the lightest line refers to time 120 min. Red dots in the viability plots ( a , b ) represent experimental data from Fig. at time 120 min.

Article Snippet: A 1D biofilm diffusion model with antibiotic inactivation was adapted from ref. and implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics (COMSOL v.6.0; COMSOL Inc., Burlington, MA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Shear, Diffusion-based Assay